The Difference Between Men and Women Essay -- Men Women Compare Contra

The Difference Between Men and Women When they say opposites attract, they aren’t kidding! The difference between fondness and loathing of girls and boys are exceptionally vivid and apparent. After watching â€Å"The Notebook† for the six hundredth time, with tears streaming down her face, a girl can finally declare it as being her favorite movie, and maybe even deem it as the best production ever created. The clichà © motives of the woman always seem to involve love and a knight in shining armor. Naturally, every woman dreams about Mr. Right, and falling head over heels in love. This is why females are so vulnerable to passionate films. â€Å"My heart melted when I saw him kiss her like that.† Stereotyped as the hopeless romantics, girls live to love and be loved. Girls want relationships. Girls enjoy corny love movies. This is somewhat of an escape route for the girls, knowing that in reality, the average guy isn’t interested in a relationship, or falling in love. But for the sake of women, in the hours of our mourning, why not take advantage of the blockbusters while their...

Infant mortality Essay

Infant mortality simply refers to the number of death amongst the young ones per 1000 births. In this historical study, infant mortality rate between a range of time starting from 1750 to 1917 is studied. Its rate varies from one century to another with the 18th century recording the highest number of deaths among the young. Progressing towards the 20th century, there has been a drastic decline in the death rate of infants. Some medical professionals believe that this is because of the social health reform and medical improvement during the 19th and 20 centuries. On the other hand, some scholars, like Thomas McKeown, strongly suggest that this is mainly attributed to the improved nutrition and sanitation of the infant’s environment (McKeown, 121). Thomas McKeown is the scholar who spearheaded the well known McKeown Thesis. There has been an ongoing debate between the two ideas about which played the main significant role in checking the rampant death of the infants for several decades featured in countless student reading, so who actually saw the truth between the 19 and the 20th centuries? Infant mortality reduced over the centuries starting in the late 19th and early 20th century in the United States. The highest rate of death among the infants was observed in the first half of the 18th century (McKeown, 65) , this high rate of infant mortality was viewed as caused by societal break-down and poor policies rather that specific pathological organism. This was considered as a reflection of a poor frame work in the society. Between 1750 and 1800, the infant mortality rate was at the peak with many of the infants succumbing to their diseases. At the time, the technical aspects in undertaking comprehensive investigation to establish the actual cause of the diseases and finally finding the cure had not been successful. Many infants therefore died in large numbers. The community attributed all this to the broad and unfortunate societal problems. Many major countries had areas with indecent housing, flooded basements, contaminated water supplies and poverty, resulting in diseases such as typhoid, scarlet fever, tuberculosis and typhus to thrive (McVeigh). This in the end challenged them to actually think of ways to handle these problems. What they have come to conclude was that prenatal and postnatal diseases were ultimately influenced by external factors such as food deficiency, alcohol and tobacco use (Mudd, 117). While diseases and disabilities that are determined during conception or after birth are invariably different, both their origins can still be potentially controlled. In the second half of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th century, the government of the United States came up with efforts to curb this menace. They recommended the removal of infants in the cities; this was considered a major success since most mothers who were residing in the city end up having their young ones dying at a tender age. Some prenatal diseases, for example was due to exposure to harmful toxins in the environment, thereby affecting the child’s development in the mother’s womb (Mudd, 117-118). This was viewed that the city exposed the young to unhealthy environment hence exposing them to diseases. The congestion in the city was also found to facilitate the spread of contagious diseases among the young. Various forms of pollutants were rampant in the city and therefore the infant could easily contract infections. Many women at the turn of the 18th century were working in gas lit factories and sweatshops, which may affect their pregnancy (McVeigh). The mothers were advised to settle in their rural homes where these hazards were considered to have minimal consequences on the infants. It was fortunate that legislations were finally passed during 1848 to promote genuine concern for public health (McKeown, 66). Similarly, international city in Great Britain during the era, as well as an important location throughout Europe and the rest of the world in terms of international trade and human transit. Because of so many international produce, goods and people arriving in London daily, it became clear to medical professionals that foreign bodies can often be the bearers of disease; from London, such illnesses were doomed to spread throughout the rest of the country. In helping London’s citizens stay healthy, infant mortality rates were automatically dropped simultaneously. By exploring London’s newspaper archives, as well as other contemporary newspaper articles and even the correspondence of health care workers during the era, the information concerning infant mortality rates can be gathered and compared. In contrast, some scholars, such as Thomas McKeown, strongly suggest that this is mainly attributed to the improved nutrition and sanitation (Colgrove). The milk supply was improved among the young one, because the milk handling and supply of edible products was improved by the government. This government strategy has been significant in preserving the life of infants at the time. Child hygiene was another factor considered in checking the high rate of infant mortality. A child hygiene program was established by the government to ensure the infants were provided with the highest quality of hygiene . With the advancement on the technological innovations, infant mortality reduced in significant proportions over the centuries. The discovery of the various medical equipments and apparatus including the microscope and the stethoscope in the late 19th century boosted the medical field’s capabilities to handle these challenges (McVeigh). Simultaneous to this, great strides in the improvement of education of interns started happening in Europe. The scientist who specialized in medical microbiology studied deeper and discovered very many minute microbes which were found to cause high rate of infant mortality. These microbes were found to thrive on unhygienic conditions therefore causing high rate of infant mortality. They were found to be rampant especially in poorly handled milk and other foodstuff. With these discoveries of stethoscope and the microscope in the 20th century, many diseases were kept under control. This was because scientists had become knowledgeable about health matters. Before this tremendous discovery, many minute microorganisms causing several diseases amongst the young ones were at large and scientists were puzzled with unchecked high rate of infant mortality. The electron microscope with high magnification enabled these scientists to recognize the various disease causing organisms including viruses and bacteria. They managed to know the specific diseases that these microorganisms caused and the appropriate control measures needed to keep them at bay. They came up with antibiotics to cure infection in the infants. Antibiotics such as penicillin were also discovered in the early 20th century. At this time, due to these discoveries and appropriate measures taken by the government, the infant mortality drastically reduced. Medical attention to the infants was considered a priority and hence reducing the rate of infant’s death. Another important factor in curbing infant mortality is the development of obstetrics and the rise of gynecology in that time (McVeigh). It encompassed all aspects of pregnancy, and allowed sanitary and safe conditions for the mother and child. Arguably, poor sanitary conditions during childbirth are also one of the main causes of infant mortality in earlier centuries. McKeown’s views on public health sparked controversy during the 1970’s and 1980’s with its focus on allocation of medical resources. While the foundation of his empirical views might be considered flawed today, it spearheaded studies of where should public health practitioners should focus their efforts and the most important determinants of a society’s mortality (Colgrove). The thesis he authored was about the explanation of the dramatic population growth from around 1770 to the present (Szreter). It stated that it was because of the domino effect of improved economic conditions: better standards of living and enhanced nutritional status that strengthened infant resistance to most diseases. His works have been about the synthesis of these advanced ideas and later on his works began getting much attention because of its profound content (Szreter). It was curious to note that it attracted more audiences during its later years, even though it didn’t substantially contain any new information. It was probably the stronger awareness in public health that caused this. However, McKeown will always be considered a figure of importance because of his role in shaping contemporary systems to prevent infant mortality. Other factors that can be attributed to a precipitous decline in infant mortality rate starting from the late 19th and early 20th century include the improvement in economic growth, improvement in nutrition, new sanitary measures by the government and advances in knowledge about infant care in the united states of America (Colgrove). Though little is known about how each of this factors contributed in the reduction in the infant mortality rate, a systematic review of the data from the specific period stressed that providing clean milk in market was the main contributor to this decline in the infant mortality . However, the writer of this journal was biased in the sense that handling milk supply and milk hygiene was not the only cause of infant mortality. It‘s important to note that the both technological advancement and improved nutrition played a very crucial role in checking the infant mortality rate starting from the late 18th to early 20th century. The perception that the high rate of infant mortality was due to societal problems and poor policies could not help in reversing the trend in the first half of the 18th century. Technological advancement saw the discovery of the various medical apparatus and equipments in the 20th century which helped in the reduction of high infant mortality rate. The scientists discovered the actual causes of these deaths being pathological organism which could be controlled. The economic growth and education enabled this scientist to conduct further research and hence control measures were devised which came up with cure for various diseases affecting the infants.

Persuasive Essay On Beauty - 1658 Words

Beauty is a concept many find difficult to define, yet many would be able to offer a solution to make themselves more beautiful. If we do not know what beauty is, then how are we able to improve it? Plastic surgery has been gaining popularity and cultural support for decades now, even though there is substantial evidence to suggest that such procedures are dangerous and can lead to early death. For some, this risk is justified due to their unquenchable desire to become more beautiful. Pressure is too immense on the average American woman to remain beautiful as they age, and as a result, they feel compelled to turn to unorthodox solutions. Regardless of the outcomes of the surgeries, even if some would consider it a success, I assert that†¦show more content†¦Turning to makeup to help define themselves, girls soon realize that they are nobody without this false face of theirs, and then turn to therapists later in life. A young woman, in attempting to emulate happy people, hol ds herself to unrealistic standards. As many have noted, many popular forms of media depict the ‘good guys’ as attractive, and the villains as either unattractive or even downright hideous. First used as a way to identify basic character personalities in movies, it has now become a rule of sorts. This cliche has pigeonholed people who see themselves as ugly to see themselves also as bad people in general, and this affects their actions (TV Tropes Staff). As the comic to the left shows, titled â€Å"Lyn plays ‘Spot the Good Guy’†, the protagonists are easily distinguished from their evil counterparts. Another pop culture reference was actually aired on Cartoon Network in a show called â€Å"Adventure Time†, where one of the characters satirically informs his friend that, â€Å"if she were good, she wouldn’t be so ugly.† (Ward). This further reinforces the idea that beautiful characters are made to be the heros, and that even shows are aware of this to the point where comedy is derived from it. Pop culture depicts the heros as valiant and brave and handsome, while the villains are purposefully depicted as distorted or unattractive. One girl who sees a villain with buck teeth might assume that all people with buck teeth are bad, and thenShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Beauty982 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty is a matter of opinion because it is formed at a young age primarily influenced by the media, your environment, and social interactions. There are countless amounts of beauty standards around the world, in Japan the latest beauty trend could be bleaching your skin, but in India it may possibly be glittery eyeshadow. Good looks are thriving globally and are attempted by most. Why do we thrive for such attractiveness when beauty is not only skin deep? In 2009, a show called Toddlers in TiarasRead MorePersuasive Essay On Beauty And Beauty Pageants1433 Words   |  6 Pagesyear there is about 5,000 pageants in the United States and over 250,000 children compete in them. To compete in the beauty pageant there is different categories such as talent, casual wear, long gown or evening wear, sportswear and talent. The children that compete can wear makeup, fake hair that is fixed up nice and bedazzled dresses. These factors depend on the type of the beauty pageant, there is glitz and natural. These pageants allow boys and girls to compete. The prizes the children can winRead MorePersuasive Essay On The Standard Of Beauty1529 Words   |  7 Pagesplace. Beauty standards are so high they create negative body images and women who hate the way they look. Women look in the mirror and they pick themselves apart, and point out their personal flaws, and compare themselves to others. Women have a major difficulty with accepting the way they look, because they feel a pressure to reach societys standards of beauty. Today many women no longer feel like pursuing beauty and instead feel a pressure that they must reach the standard of beauty presentedRead MoreBody Image957 Words   |  4 PagesImage The essay titled â€Å"The Body of the Beholder† by Michele Ingressia from the textbook To the Point is about how black girls and white girls view their bodies. If you were to make a comparison Michele Ingressia says that they view their body images in very different ways. She writes about how black girls don’t mind gaining some weight while white girls do. They are always dieting to have the perfect body but never satisfied with what they have. This essay seems to be a very persuasive becauseRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Vintage Ad Essay599 Words   |  3 PagesRhetorical Analysis Vintage Ad Essay Crystal Cash DeVry University Rhetorical Analysis Vintage Ad Essay This Palmolive soap advertisement’s headline reads: Let your beauty be seen.† While looking at this headline from a modern prospective, one might find such claims absurd. When one considers the context of the ad, and that this advertisement targeted the female demographic in America during the 1950’s it kind of makes sense that the ad may have been persuasive. The 50’s can be regarded asRead MoreComparing the Rights of Women from Essays Through the Eras1710 Words   |  7 Pagesfew of many essays which raised the issue of womens rights in society at large. They prodded, examined, and countered these issues with logical and sometimes persuasive arguments. On the other hand, in some other essays, the essayists used a tone of such anger that clearly conveys their disgust to the way women are treated in society. The main goal, however, was the same: to prove that equality had yet to exist between men and women, and to work on achieving it. In response to an essay publishedRead Moreâ€Å"Oh, The Happy I Have Found In My Nappy.†. Since I Began924 Words   |  4 Pagestrue acceptance of themselves, they are shunned upon for not conforming to Society’s westernized standards of beauty. Thus, Black women’s natural hair are identified as employing a form of resistance to our cultural history of oppression. Throughout this essay, I will compare and contrast Hair Raising: Beauty, Culture, and African American Women by Noliwe M. Rooks, to Hair Matters: Beauty, Power, and Black Women’s Consciousness by Ingrid Banks. Both Authors discuss the politics of natural hair, andRead MoreMarilynne Robinsons Essay Darwinism1340 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Marilynne Robinson’s Essay â€Å"Darwinism† Introduction to Christian Theology REL 103 Kaitlyn Spencer Marilynne Robinson is a Pulitzer-winning novelist who has graced us with her essays found in The Death of Adam. Robinson gives the read the feeling of being much more educated than he or she really is. These essays provide readers with different ways of discussing history, religion and society. They, although difficult to comprehend at times, are flawlessly arguedRead More4.2 Practice 2760 Words   |  4 Pagesclearly present the argument youd make if you were to develop a full essay †¢ A summary or plan for a full essay based on your five most important ideas. Be sure to include quotes youd use to support your ideas 1. INTRODUCTION a. Thesis Statement: With different motivations, but similar intentions the word choices and poetic rhetorical devices of the speakers reveal their attitudes toward women. Using persuasive techniques and extensive figurative language to compare and contrastRead MoreReflection Essay797 Words   |  4 Pagesand strong conclusions. I am able to analyze the literature and relate to it in many different ways. In the compare and contrast essay I wrote, Oliver conveys a tone of remembrance by juxtaposing the old burn-dump this waste place and this secret garden. I am able to apply literary terms and analyze how the author uses them to enhance their writing. In the same essay, I stated, By using short, concise sentences, Oliver is more direct in her delivery and showing her lamentations for what has

The Debate Over Standardized Testing Essay - 1287 Words

In classrooms all across America, students sit perched over their desks in the process of taking standardized tests. As the students take the tests, teachers pace nervously up and down the rows of their classroom, hoping and praying that their students can recall the information which they have presented. Some children sit relaxed at their desks, calmly filling in the bubbles and answering essay questions. These children are well prepared and equipped to handle their tests. Other children, however, sit hunched over their desks, pondering over questions, trying to guess an answer. They struggle to recall information that has been covered many times in class, but they can’t. Standardized tests are used in classrooms all throughout†¦show more content†¦1). To support this claim he further states, â€Å"Research and experience show that standardized tests are generally good at measuring students’ knowledge, skills, and understanding because they are objective, fair, efficient, and comprehensive† (Par. 3). On the contrary, Harris, Harris, and Smith state that â€Å"Achievement is more than test scores but also includes class participation, students’ course-taking patterns, and teachers’ professional development patterns† (Par. 6) They also believe student achievement involves more than scores on standardized tests. In fact, these three authors see the usage of test scores to measure student achievement as a â€Å"Dangerous Illusion† (Par. 3). To support this claim the three authors list a variety of concepts which cannot be measured with standardized tests, such as creativity, critical thinking, curiosity, motivation, reliability, self-discipline, and leadership (Par. 8). They also explain how all of these qualities are considered valuable by our society (Par. 9). Walberg fires back by saying, â€Å"Responsible test-makers, . . . do not purport to cover all the material students are expected to learn† (Par. 14). He compares standardized tests to national surveys, in which a small number of the total population is interviewed to represent a societies values as a whole (Par. 14). To illustrate his point, Walberg uses the analogy of a â€Å"Three-Legged Stool.† The stool’s legsShow MoreRelatedStandardized Testing1272 Words   |  6 PagesSynthesis Essay on Standardized Testing Standardized testing in the United States started in the mid- 1800’s (Standardized Tests - ProCon.org). This kind of testing was originally created to measure students’ performance and progress in school (Standardized Tests - ProCon.org). In recent years, the public school system has relied heavily on the information this test provides, in doing so creating controversy. Other than being a student myself, and participating in multiple standardized exams such asRead MoreStandardized Testing Influece on Education1302 Words   |  5 PagesStandardized Testing: A standardized test refers simply to any test that is being given in the same manner to all test takers. This same manner implies same questions, same timing, and same conditions of testing. The history of standardized testing dates for more than 14 centuries now. First standardized tests are claimed to be used for imperial examinations in China around the 7th century. However, It’s not until the 19th century that this testing methodology was first introduced to Europe and thenRead MoreStandardized Testing: For Better or For Worse?1334 Words   |  6 PagesStandardized Testing: For Better or For Worse? Almost everyone in the U.S. recognizes that standardized testing is a central part of the education system in our country. What many people don’t know though is the history of where it came from. Beginning in the mid-1800s prestigious universities decided they wanted to give more students across the country a better chance at going into higher education, but at the time there wasn’t a way to measure the capabilities of students in both high class andRead MoreStandardized Testing And The School Entrance Examination Board- Or Sat Began1424 Words   |  6 PagesStandardized testing had only been added to America’s public education curriculum when â€Å"the common school movement began in earnest in the 1830s in New England as reformers†¦ began to argue successfully for a greater government role in the schooling of all children† (â€Å"Common School†). â€Å"By 1845 in the United States, public education advocate Horace Mann was calling for stand ardized essay testing† (Mathews), because he believed that â€Å"political stability and social harmony depended on universal education†Read MoreEssay on Standardized Testing in Schools1399 Words   |  6 PagesViews on Standardized Testing Standardized testing has long been a controversial method of assessment in our schools. Such tests are important indicators of student achievement and aptitude. However, some standardized test scores have been misused as a manner in which to track students, allocate school funds, and even determine teacher pay. Standardized tests, when used appropriately and for the right reasons, can adequately determine a students present level of strengths and weaknesses and hisRead MoreStandardized Testing Should Not Be Banned Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesStandardized testing has been used in the United States for years while its role in education has expanded by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. Standardized testing was created to promote equality within the education system; to treat and teach all students the same. The use of this test was also meant to measure the students progress in math and reading, as well as to determine a student promotion to the next grade; but at what cost? Pr eparation for standardized tests is almost twenty-four-sevenRead MoreStandardized Testing Was Originallycreated In China And972 Words   |  4 Pages Standardized testing was originally created in China and from there it grew, in 1905 Alfred Binet had developed the IQ test and by the time World War One standardized testing was standard practice (Fletcher). The SAT and ACT are the most common standardized test today, while a lot of college bound students take the ACT and SATs to show how smart they are and how well they will do in college theses test are not the best way to determine a student s potential, â€Å"these test have also been shown thatRead MoreSmarter Ways And Test Our Potential Youths Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesPotential Youths Standardized testing has been used in the United States for years while its role in education has expanded by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. Standardized testing was created to promote equality within the education system; to treat and teach all student the same. The use of this test was also meant to measure the students’ progress in math and reading, as well as to determine a student promotion to the next grade; but at what cost? Preparation for standardized tests is almostRead More The Negative Impact of High Stakes Standardized Testing1191 Words   |  5 PagesStandardized testing is not a new concept; it has been in use since the mid to late 1990’s. However the â€Å"high stakes† focus on standardized testing is. The practices that accompany standardized testing have long been in debate. Those in favor of standardized testing will argue that the testing creates a system that increases grades and accountability among teachers, students and school dis tricts across the country. On the other hand those that oppose standardized testing will argue the ill effectsRead MoreStandardized Testing Is The Best Answer For Students985 Words   |  4 Pages Standardized testing in the United States education system went from a onetime only test called Compass test and has become a once a year maybe more test called the MEAP. There is much debate as to whether this frequency of testing is the best answer for students. This reoccurring testing can teach students valuable skills that would benefit the students later in life. People worry that every child is not the same and some test better than others, while others claim test taking is a skill

Does bullying affect high school aged students - 800 Words

Does bullying affect high school aged students? The purpose of this research is to developed to see if high school students are affected by bullying and cyberbullying in school. This is a nation wide problem that is affected by all cultures. Overall half of all high school students say the have been bullied in the past, with nearly as many saying they have been victims of bullying in high schools. This is a problem for a lot of kids all over the world and many kids are having a high depression which refers to of kids are saying that many high school victims live in tension ,, higher rates of drop out, low self-esteem, anger , greater illness incidences, and attain lower grades compared to those who are not being bullied. All of these†¦show more content†¦Depression refers to a mental disorder which makes individuals to have loss of pleasure or interest, low energy, disturbed appetite or sleep, poor concentration, feelings of low self-worth or guilt. Students who are bul lied are likely to develop such complications and their school performance is automatically affected in a negative way (Faye, et al, 2010, p.364). This is because the students have no peace of mind and are unable to concentrate in their studies as required. They develop low interest in activities including their studies and therefore their performance deteriorates. Secondly, â€Å"anger has been found out to be a short term effect of bullying. Anger refers to strong belligerence, hostility or displeasure feeling usually provoked when one has been wronged,† (Limber, Nation, 2008). Bullied students often develop strong anger feeling due to the unworthy mistreatments they receive from their fellow students. This affects their studies negatively because they do not have humble study times. They use most of their time thinking of how they may overcome the mistreatment given to them and end up realizing that they do not have enough study time. They are therefore likely to have poor performance in their studies. Thirdly, bullied students are likely to have greater illness incidences. This means that they experience impairment ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Bullying Literature Review1243 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Educators attempt to provide safe, nurturing environments where students can thrive. Any disturbance to this climate can have negative affects on students’ educational performances. Bullying is one such disruption. Unfortunately, physical and verbal abuse are nothing new in the school setting, however, the rise of technology in our country has created a new setting for bullies to target their victims. Cyberbulling, or the use of any number of technological means to harm or harass anotherRead MoreCyber Bullying: A Study of Long Term Effects on Adolescent Cyber Bullying1561 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Cyber bullying is a topic that has been researched many times. As technology changes, it is important that research is kept up to date on how victimization can affect present and future psychosocial adjustment issues. Cyber bullying is defined as victimization that intends to harm another through electronic means, where individuals can harm without physical interaction. (Tokunaga, 2010). Cyber bullying requires little planning and there is little chance of being caught. It is importantRead MoreDoes Bullying Affect A Child s Academic Achievement / Performance? Essay1746 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction DON’T FORGET TO CITE PROPERLY Title: How and why does bullying in primary school affect a child’s academic achievement/performance? Change from primary school to primary and middle school Abstract: Introduction: (is this the correct way of doing it) The research question for this paper is â€Å"How and why does bullying in primary school affect a child’s academic achievement/performance†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦um†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦................... 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Bullying is the repeated victimization of an individual by intentional physical or verbal abuse, exploitation and exclusion, within a context in which there is an imbalance of power (Hoffnung, 2015). Olweus (1995), a bullying phenomenon researcher, estimates that 10% of children and adolescents between the ages of 7 to 16 years’ experience bullying. Subsequently, HoffnungRead MoreImplementing Bullying Awareness Programs: A Bright Change for the Future1740 Words   |  7 Pagesone or more other persons, and he or she has difficulty defending himself or herself. Dan Olweus (Olweus1). Bullying effects millions of kids on a daily basis and will most likely never cease to stop. According to international studies, bullying is common and affects anywhere from nine to fifty-four percent of children (Parker-Pope). 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With the help of her new established friends, Teeny and Grouper, she believes that a change in her wardrobe will eliminate her image that was so haunting and discomforting in the past. Lindsey is successful for a while until her worst possible nightmare appears, her long-time adversary, Avery. The same spoiled bully that ruined her whole middle school life, now reminds Lindsey of her place. AsRead MoreBullying Is Not A Major Problem1450 Words   |  6 PagesBullying, by definition â€Å"is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance† (Stop Bullying). Bullying has quick ly become a serious problem in schools, and it negatively impacts both the bully and the victim. Students who have been bullied even once in their lifetime have a higher risk of attempting suicide, and in general have lower self-esteem, causing them to have difficulty maintaining relationships. 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Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Write about theFundamentals of Entrepreneurship and Innovation. Answer: Introduction Innovation is required for exploiting a business opportunity and to evaluate whether or not an individual is capable of handling a business (Drucker, 2014). Thus, innovation can be a measuring matrix to assess the entrepreneurship quality in a person (Franke et al., 2013). The prime objective of this business report is to highlight the role of entrepreneurship and innovation in the development of my personal and career path development. Discussion Vision and Opportunity Career and educational goals Firstly, I desire to enroll for the masters degree with the same field from Zayed University, United Arab Emirates. Secondly, I would like to develop the personal branding and University teaching opportunities. Thirdly, I want to engage in consultancy services apart from the teaching opportunities. Purpose,Values and their Mission The purpose of these objectives is to set my career according to by ability and to excel in the field. The value of these goals can be witnessed through my innovative ideas for accomplishing all the gaols. The three question for guiding my goals are- In which field I want to prosper more? How will I prioritise my career goals? What monetary and non-monetary resources are required to fulfill these goals? Current Job Market and Opportunities Firstly, I want to be a tutorial fellow to my assistant lecture so that I can gain all the required skills to become a good lecturer. This also helps me to become a fulltime lecturer of the university. Secondly, I desire to brand myself through participating in academic seminars and research and innovation processes in the field of education. Thirdly, I also intend to collect same wealth from my lectureship for starting my consultancy firm. Marketing and Implementation Strategy Market positioning statement I want to work as one of the lecturer in my field of study. The compelling value is to deliver on the set organizational objectives like- provide the students examination results on time and clearing the syllabus on time. I will also emphasis on sharpening my soft skills like interpersonal skills and time management and this is one of the strategies that is not followed by most of the other UAE students. Risks and Mitigation Key milestones and checkpoints I want to complete my masters within two years after graduating and to enroll project immediately so that I can have longer time with my supervisors. Moreover, I will seek teaching opportunities at mid level colleges right after joining to masters. I will also measure the positive outcome by assessing the positive outcome whether or not I am improving and whether or not my mentors were happy. External factors that might affect the milestone Failures in project are the factors that affect the desired milestone. Contingency and risk mitigation strategies I will want to study all the courses starting from the masters and desire to do a project so that I can learn the concept and implement it side-by-side. Ethics Plan to Practice Ethical Principles To follow the correct instruction for completing the project To be honest with the University instruction for getting a masters degree Six-wWord Memoir I failed, University gave another chance Reference List Courvisanos, J., Mackenzie, S. (2013). Innovation and Entrepreneurship.Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 933-943. Drucker, P. (2014).Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Franke, N., Harhoff, D., Henkel, J., Hussler, C. (2013).Innovation und Entrepreneurship. Springer/Gabler. Galindo, M. A., Mendez, M. T. (2014). Entrepreneurship, economic growth, and innovation: Are feedback effects at work?.Journal of Business Research,67(5), 825-829.

Validity and Reliability in Qualitative Research

Question: Discuss about the Validity and Reliability in Qualitative Research. Answer: Introduction: Clear statement of the aim of the research- The research article by Ostaszkiewicz et al. (2014) clearly mentions the aim of the research which was to develop a grounded theory on how Residential aged care facilities (RACF) identify, communicate and deliver continence care needs. Justification of the qualitative methodology- The objective of the research was to explore nurses and PCAs experience in assessing care needs and assess their views on barrier or facilitators to care. It was also aimed to conduct field observation for the development of theory regarding the topic. The grounded theory approach of research is appropriate for this study because it provides systematic inductive methods towards theory development and gaining insight to daily practical and ethical challenges in caring for aged residents (Smith 2015). Detailed critical appraisal using the CASP tool Justification of the research design- The clarity of the research by Ostaszkiewicz et al. (2014) is seen by proper discussion on the use of grounded theory approach by means of theoretical sampling, comparative data analysis, identification of main category and theoretical saturation level. It revealed theoretical sampling will be done through semi-structured interview and observations with RACF staffs. However, one limitation seen after reviewing the article is that no justification has been provided regarding why they are using this design for investigation and why they decided to select particularly grounded theory approach of qualitative research. The clear statement regarding the rationale for selecting this study design would have enhanced the quality of the research article. Whenever any research study is planned, proper justification regarding the reasons for selecting particular design eliminate vagueness in approach and strengthens the purpose of research (Birks and Mills, 2015). Recruitment strategy related to the aim of the research- The researcher has maintained the validity of the research in sample recruitment stage by means of eliminating all source of biasness. The recruitment strategy of selecting only experienced staffs in providing continence care in RACF is commendable as this help to identify real barrier or facilitators despite the required competence in care. In the research article by Jonasson et al. (2011), sample was selected without considering the experience of participants which lead to biasness and inaccuracy in study results and theory development. Ostaszkiewicz et al. (2014) did not provide any explanation regarding why selection on particular sample group was necessary for the study. However, the detail regarding the method of sample recruitment was provided. Nurse and PCAs took part in the interview only after they were given information about the purpose and design of research at a professional network forum. They volunteered to take part in the interview after consulting other colleague who took part in the study. Data collection method- Ostaszkiewicz et al. (2014) purposively selected two RACFs site in Australia for interview and field observation, one was 75 bed not-for-profit RACF in Melbourne and other was 50 bed private RACF in Adelaide. The researcher clearly justified the rationale for selecting two sites as it would help to get a mixture of sample group consisting of registered nurse, enrolled nurse and PCA staff who provide care not just to people with dementia but also with other disorders. Certain limitation in reporting of data collection method is also seen as the researcher has mentioned the use of semi-structure open-ended interview with staff, however no detail is given regarding the explicit method of interview. The detail is given regarding the procedure followed for field observation to collect data. However, the absence of the same detail on interview method significantly reduces the quality and efficacy of reporting research study. This form of error in reporting hampers t he reliability of the research and leads to poor grasp of research approach (Noble and Smith, 2015). Relationship between researcher and participants- While reviewing the article by Ostaszkiewicz et al. (2014), it has been found that nothing has been mentioned regarding factors that may lead to biasness in the study. No confounding variable was identified and no consideration was done regarding how to eliminate confounding elements in the study. The research question was formulated after reviewing the quality of RACF facilities in Australia. The researcher emphasized that care staff need to follow the Code of Ethics For Nurse and Aged Care Act while delivery care, however there is very few published article on how nurses and PCAs enact the rights of patients in care. Hence, the research question was set based on the analysis that there is little research on ethical challenges faced in during caring for aged residents in RACFs. The clarity regarding choice of location is given however sample recruitment stage is not adequately covered. While conducting an investigation, certain unexp ected event changes the course of investigation. In such situations, researcher needs to implication of this change and make some changes in plan in between research (Bowling, A., 2014). However, in this research nothing has been mentioned about the unexpected events which mean no such situation arose during the research to modify the research plan. Consideration of ethical issues in research- The ethical responsibility for good research practices includes seeking approval for conducting research from relevant Research Ethics Committee and following informed consent rules to inform participants about purpose of research, participants rights, potential risk in participation, prospective research benefits and limits of confidentiality (Marshall and Rossman 2014). Ostaszkiewicz et al. (2014) does not mentions the process followed regarding taking approval for conducting research from Ethics Committee which reflects lack of accuracy in ethical responsibility for research. However, the procedure regarding informed consent rule is covered in some part where nurses agreed for interview after being informed about research detail at a professional network forum. Rigour of data analysis- Despite several limitations in the article, the data analysis part has been adequately described by the researcher. It was not purely based on thematic analysis, however certain coding techniques were used to identify different categories and present it in result section. Data analysis was done through open coding, theoretical coding and selective coding techniques to interpret data, construct memos and classify them into different category. The uniformity in data was maintained after higher order concept emerged and basic theme was found. These processes reflect data was effectively extracted to enhance the reliability and validity of the research finding. No consideration regarding potential biases and influences has been made at any stage of the research (Ostaszkiewicz et al. 2014). Statement of findings- The study finding was presented after repeating the purpose of the study. Based on interview and field observation of participants in RACFs, Ostaszkiewicz et al. (2014) gave the theory regarding main problem encountered by staff during work and their response to the problem. The findings are explicit with discussion on experience of work, ethically challenging situations, residents level of dependence and devalued role. Hence, multiple and conflicting information related to addressing continence was provided, but credibility of the finding is not properly covered. Contribution of the research- This finding of the research is important as it gives insight into the different structural factors that prevents cares from fully exercising ethical rights and conduct in care. The researcher suggest new areas where action is needed by government but not areas where the topic could be further explored The researcher provided direction to future course of action by stating that the role of Australian government on addressing structural challenges that significantly hinders staffs performance and affect the delivery of high quality continence care to residents. References Birks, M. and Mills, J., 2015.Grounded theory: A practical guide. Sage. Bowling, A., 2014.Research methods in health: investigating health and health services. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Jonasson, L.L., Liss, P.E., Westerlind, B. and Berter, C., 2011. Corroborating indicates nurses ethical values in a geriatric ward.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being,6(3). Marshall, C. and Rossman, G.B., 2014.Designing qualitative research. Sage publications. Noble, H. and Smith, J., 2015. Issues of validity and reliability in qualitative research.Evidence Based Nursing,18(2), pp.34-35. Ostaszkiewicz, J., O'Connell, B. and Dunning, T., 2014. Ethical challenges associated with providing continence care in residential aged care facilities: Findings from a grounded theory study.Australian and New Zealand continence journal,20(4), pp.179-186. Smith, J.A. ed., 2015.Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage.