Saturday, December 28, 2019

The Debate Over Standardized Testing Essay - 1287 Words

In classrooms all across America, students sit perched over their desks in the process of taking standardized tests. As the students take the tests, teachers pace nervously up and down the rows of their classroom, hoping and praying that their students can recall the information which they have presented. Some children sit relaxed at their desks, calmly filling in the bubbles and answering essay questions. These children are well prepared and equipped to handle their tests. Other children, however, sit hunched over their desks, pondering over questions, trying to guess an answer. They struggle to recall information that has been covered many times in class, but they can’t. Standardized tests are used in classrooms all throughout†¦show more content†¦1). To support this claim he further states, â€Å"Research and experience show that standardized tests are generally good at measuring students’ knowledge, skills, and understanding because they are objective, fair, efficient, and comprehensive† (Par. 3). On the contrary, Harris, Harris, and Smith state that â€Å"Achievement is more than test scores but also includes class participation, students’ course-taking patterns, and teachers’ professional development patterns† (Par. 6) They also believe student achievement involves more than scores on standardized tests. In fact, these three authors see the usage of test scores to measure student achievement as a â€Å"Dangerous Illusion† (Par. 3). To support this claim the three authors list a variety of concepts which cannot be measured with standardized tests, such as creativity, critical thinking, curiosity, motivation, reliability, self-discipline, and leadership (Par. 8). They also explain how all of these qualities are considered valuable by our society (Par. 9). Walberg fires back by saying, â€Å"Responsible test-makers, . . . do not purport to cover all the material students are expected to learn† (Par. 14). He compares standardized tests to national surveys, in which a small number of the total population is interviewed to represent a societies values as a whole (Par. 14). To illustrate his point, Walberg uses the analogy of a â€Å"Three-Legged Stool.† The stool’s legsShow MoreRelatedStandardized Testing1272 Words   |  6 PagesSynthesis Essay on Standardized Testing Standardized testing in the United States started in the mid- 1800’s (Standardized Tests - ProCon.org). This kind of testing was originally created to measure students’ performance and progress in school (Standardized Tests - ProCon.org). In recent years, the public school system has relied heavily on the information this test provides, in doing so creating controversy. Other than being a student myself, and participating in multiple standardized exams such asRead MoreStandardized Testing Influece on Education1302 Words   |  5 PagesStandardized Testing: A standardized test refers simply to any test that is being given in the same manner to all test takers. This same manner implies same questions, same timing, and same conditions of testing. The history of standardized testing dates for more than 14 centuries now. First standardized tests are claimed to be used for imperial examinations in China around the 7th century. However, It’s not until the 19th century that this testing methodology was first introduced to Europe and thenRead MoreStandardized Testing: For Better or For Worse?1334 Words   |  6 PagesStandardized Testing: For Better or For Worse? Almost everyone in the U.S. recognizes that standardized testing is a central part of the education system in our country. What many people don’t know though is the history of where it came from. Beginning in the mid-1800s prestigious universities decided they wanted to give more students across the country a better chance at going into higher education, but at the time there wasn’t a way to measure the capabilities of students in both high class andRead MoreStandardized Testing And The School Entrance Examination Board- Or Sat Began1424 Words   |  6 PagesStandardized testing had only been added to America’s public education curriculum when â€Å"the common school movement began in earnest in the 1830s in New England as reformers†¦ began to argue successfully for a greater government role in the schooling of all children† (â€Å"Common School†). â€Å"By 1845 in the United States, public education advocate Horace Mann was calling for stand ardized essay testing† (Mathews), because he believed that â€Å"political stability and social harmony depended on universal education†Read MoreEssay on Standardized Testing in Schools1399 Words   |  6 PagesViews on Standardized Testing Standardized testing has long been a controversial method of assessment in our schools. Such tests are important indicators of student achievement and aptitude. However, some standardized test scores have been misused as a manner in which to track students, allocate school funds, and even determine teacher pay. Standardized tests, when used appropriately and for the right reasons, can adequately determine a students present level of strengths and weaknesses and hisRead MoreStandardized Testing Should Not Be Banned Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesStandardized testing has been used in the United States for years while its role in education has expanded by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. Standardized testing was created to promote equality within the education system; to treat and teach all students the same. The use of this test was also meant to measure the students progress in math and reading, as well as to determine a student promotion to the next grade; but at what cost? Pr eparation for standardized tests is almost twenty-four-sevenRead MoreStandardized Testing Was Originallycreated In China And972 Words   |  4 Pages Standardized testing was originally created in China and from there it grew, in 1905 Alfred Binet had developed the IQ test and by the time World War One standardized testing was standard practice (Fletcher). The SAT and ACT are the most common standardized test today, while a lot of college bound students take the ACT and SATs to show how smart they are and how well they will do in college theses test are not the best way to determine a student s potential, â€Å"these test have also been shown thatRead MoreSmarter Ways And Test Our Potential Youths Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesPotential Youths Standardized testing has been used in the United States for years while its role in education has expanded by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. Standardized testing was created to promote equality within the education system; to treat and teach all student the same. The use of this test was also meant to measure the students’ progress in math and reading, as well as to determine a student promotion to the next grade; but at what cost? Preparation for standardized tests is almostRead More The Negative Impact of High Stakes Standardized Testing1191 Words   |  5 PagesStandardized testing is not a new concept; it has been in use since the mid to late 1990’s. However the â€Å"high stakes† focus on standardized testing is. The practices that accompany standardized testing have long been in debate. Those in favor of standardized testing will argue that the testing creates a system that increases grades and accountability among teachers, students and school dis tricts across the country. On the other hand those that oppose standardized testing will argue the ill effectsRead MoreStandardized Testing Is The Best Answer For Students985 Words   |  4 Pages Standardized testing in the United States education system went from a onetime only test called Compass test and has become a once a year maybe more test called the MEAP. There is much debate as to whether this frequency of testing is the best answer for students. This reoccurring testing can teach students valuable skills that would benefit the students later in life. People worry that every child is not the same and some test better than others, while others claim test taking is a skill

Friday, December 20, 2019

Does bullying affect high school aged students - 800 Words

Does bullying affect high school aged students? The purpose of this research is to developed to see if high school students are affected by bullying and cyberbullying in school. This is a nation wide problem that is affected by all cultures. Overall half of all high school students say the have been bullied in the past, with nearly as many saying they have been victims of bullying in high schools. This is a problem for a lot of kids all over the world and many kids are having a high depression which refers to of kids are saying that many high school victims live in tension ,, higher rates of drop out, low self-esteem, anger , greater illness incidences, and attain lower grades compared to those who are not being bullied. All of these†¦show more content†¦Depression refers to a mental disorder which makes individuals to have loss of pleasure or interest, low energy, disturbed appetite or sleep, poor concentration, feelings of low self-worth or guilt. Students who are bul lied are likely to develop such complications and their school performance is automatically affected in a negative way (Faye, et al, 2010, p.364). This is because the students have no peace of mind and are unable to concentrate in their studies as required. They develop low interest in activities including their studies and therefore their performance deteriorates. Secondly, â€Å"anger has been found out to be a short term effect of bullying. Anger refers to strong belligerence, hostility or displeasure feeling usually provoked when one has been wronged,† (Limber, Nation, 2008). Bullied students often develop strong anger feeling due to the unworthy mistreatments they receive from their fellow students. This affects their studies negatively because they do not have humble study times. They use most of their time thinking of how they may overcome the mistreatment given to them and end up realizing that they do not have enough study time. They are therefore likely to have poor performance in their studies. Thirdly, bullied students are likely to have greater illness incidences. This means that they experience impairment ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Bullying Literature Review1243 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Educators attempt to provide safe, nurturing environments where students can thrive. Any disturbance to this climate can have negative affects on students’ educational performances. Bullying is one such disruption. Unfortunately, physical and verbal abuse are nothing new in the school setting, however, the rise of technology in our country has created a new setting for bullies to target their victims. Cyberbulling, or the use of any number of technological means to harm or harass anotherRead MoreCyber Bullying: A Study of Long Term Effects on Adolescent Cyber Bullying1561 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Cyber bullying is a topic that has been researched many times. As technology changes, it is important that research is kept up to date on how victimization can affect present and future psychosocial adjustment issues. Cyber bullying is defined as victimization that intends to harm another through electronic means, where individuals can harm without physical interaction. (Tokunaga, 2010). Cyber bullying requires little planning and there is little chance of being caught. It is importantRead MoreDoes Bullying Affect A Child s Academic Achievement / Performance? Essay1746 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction DON’T FORGET TO CITE PROPERLY Title: How and why does bullying in primary school affect a child’s academic achievement/performance? Change from primary school to primary and middle school Abstract: Introduction: (is this the correct way of doing it) The research question for this paper is â€Å"How and why does bullying in primary school affect a child’s academic achievement/performance†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦um†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦................... Bullying is said to occur when a child is the target of any behaviourRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pageshas been a controversial issue over the years. Since its beginning, it has had a historical impact on everyday life by changing the way we talk and interact with one another. Social media represents both positive and adverse effects on society, but does one side tip the scale more than the other? Online social media surrounds almost everyone in the modern society, and its worldwide popularity has empowered all generations to be connected and actively participate in the sharing of ideas. Online socialRead MoreCurrently There Is A Growing Awareness Of The Prevalence1558 Words   |  7 Pagesawareness of the prevalence of bullying and how this serious issue significantly impacts a substantial amount of adolescents worldwide. Bullying is the repeated victimization of an individual by intentional physical or verbal abuse, exploitation and exclusion, within a context in which there is an imbalance of power (Hoffnung, 2015). Olweus (1995), a bullying phenomenon researcher, estimates that 10% of children and adolescents between the ages of 7 to 16 years’ experience bullying. Subsequently, HoffnungRead MoreImplementing Bullying Awareness Programs: A Bright Change for the Future1740 Words   |  7 Pagesone or more other persons, and he or she has difficulty defending himself or herself. Dan Olweus (Olweus1). Bullying effects millions of kids on a daily basis and will most likely never cease to stop. According to international studies, bullying is common and affects anywhere from nine to fifty-four percent of children (Parker-Pope). Statistics also show that seventeen percent of students in grades sixth through tenth reported having been bullied sometimes or more with eight percent being bulliedRead Mor eTeen Bullying Must Be Stopped Essay1429 Words   |  6 Pages Bullying in school environments is not a rare or recent development by any means. However, it would appear the intensity and consequences have reached new, devastating heights in more recent cases. I was shocked to discover that there have been five recent teen suicides from bullying, in the high school in my current city. According to one of my local news-station’s website, www.foxnews.com, in Mentor High School (Mentor, Ohio) there have been four cases of teen suicides from bullyingRead MoreChanging My Wardrobe by Deb Hanrahan1337 Words   |  5 PagesLindsey Ames, a soon to be high school freshman, views her new school as an opportunity to start over. With the help of her new established friends, Teeny and Grouper, she believes that a change in her wardrobe will eliminate her image that was so haunting and discomforting in the past. Lindsey is successful for a while until her worst possible nightmare appears, her long-time adversary, Avery. The same spoiled bully that ruined her whole middle school life, now reminds Lindsey of her place. AsRead MoreBullying Is Not A Major Problem1450 Words   |  6 PagesBullying, by definition â€Å"is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance† (Stop Bullying). Bullying has quick ly become a serious problem in schools, and it negatively impacts both the bully and the victim. Students who have been bullied even once in their lifetime have a higher risk of attempting suicide, and in general have lower self-esteem, causing them to have difficulty maintaining relationships. Bullies themselves also begin to harassRead MoreA Focus On Learning Disabilities Essay798 Words   |  4 Pagesdisability† and â€Å"survey† and inclusion criteria of peer-reviewed articles that were published between the years 2006-2016. Four Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles â€Å"Post School Goals and Transition Services for Students with Learning Disabilities† (Alfred Daviso, Stephen Denny, Robert Baer, and Robert Flexer published, 2011) determined that students with disabilities have higher demands for employment with postsecondary education, that there is a correlation between the level of involvement in vocational education

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Write about theFundamentals of Entrepreneurship and Innovation. Answer: Introduction Innovation is required for exploiting a business opportunity and to evaluate whether or not an individual is capable of handling a business (Drucker, 2014). Thus, innovation can be a measuring matrix to assess the entrepreneurship quality in a person (Franke et al., 2013). The prime objective of this business report is to highlight the role of entrepreneurship and innovation in the development of my personal and career path development. Discussion Vision and Opportunity Career and educational goals Firstly, I desire to enroll for the masters degree with the same field from Zayed University, United Arab Emirates. Secondly, I would like to develop the personal branding and University teaching opportunities. Thirdly, I want to engage in consultancy services apart from the teaching opportunities. Purpose,Values and their Mission The purpose of these objectives is to set my career according to by ability and to excel in the field. The value of these goals can be witnessed through my innovative ideas for accomplishing all the gaols. The three question for guiding my goals are- In which field I want to prosper more? How will I prioritise my career goals? What monetary and non-monetary resources are required to fulfill these goals? Current Job Market and Opportunities Firstly, I want to be a tutorial fellow to my assistant lecture so that I can gain all the required skills to become a good lecturer. This also helps me to become a fulltime lecturer of the university. Secondly, I desire to brand myself through participating in academic seminars and research and innovation processes in the field of education. Thirdly, I also intend to collect same wealth from my lectureship for starting my consultancy firm. Marketing and Implementation Strategy Market positioning statement I want to work as one of the lecturer in my field of study. The compelling value is to deliver on the set organizational objectives like- provide the students examination results on time and clearing the syllabus on time. I will also emphasis on sharpening my soft skills like interpersonal skills and time management and this is one of the strategies that is not followed by most of the other UAE students. Risks and Mitigation Key milestones and checkpoints I want to complete my masters within two years after graduating and to enroll project immediately so that I can have longer time with my supervisors. Moreover, I will seek teaching opportunities at mid level colleges right after joining to masters. I will also measure the positive outcome by assessing the positive outcome whether or not I am improving and whether or not my mentors were happy. External factors that might affect the milestone Failures in project are the factors that affect the desired milestone. Contingency and risk mitigation strategies I will want to study all the courses starting from the masters and desire to do a project so that I can learn the concept and implement it side-by-side. Ethics Plan to Practice Ethical Principles To follow the correct instruction for completing the project To be honest with the University instruction for getting a masters degree Six-wWord Memoir I failed, University gave another chance Reference List Courvisanos, J., Mackenzie, S. (2013). Innovation and Entrepreneurship.Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 933-943. Drucker, P. (2014).Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Franke, N., Harhoff, D., Henkel, J., Hussler, C. (2013).Innovation und Entrepreneurship. Springer/Gabler. Galindo, M. A., Mendez, M. T. (2014). Entrepreneurship, economic growth, and innovation: Are feedback effects at work?.Journal of Business Research,67(5), 825-829.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Validity and Reliability in Qualitative Research

Question: Discuss about the Validity and Reliability in Qualitative Research. Answer: Introduction: Clear statement of the aim of the research- The research article by Ostaszkiewicz et al. (2014) clearly mentions the aim of the research which was to develop a grounded theory on how Residential aged care facilities (RACF) identify, communicate and deliver continence care needs. Justification of the qualitative methodology- The objective of the research was to explore nurses and PCAs experience in assessing care needs and assess their views on barrier or facilitators to care. It was also aimed to conduct field observation for the development of theory regarding the topic. The grounded theory approach of research is appropriate for this study because it provides systematic inductive methods towards theory development and gaining insight to daily practical and ethical challenges in caring for aged residents (Smith 2015). Detailed critical appraisal using the CASP tool Justification of the research design- The clarity of the research by Ostaszkiewicz et al. (2014) is seen by proper discussion on the use of grounded theory approach by means of theoretical sampling, comparative data analysis, identification of main category and theoretical saturation level. It revealed theoretical sampling will be done through semi-structured interview and observations with RACF staffs. However, one limitation seen after reviewing the article is that no justification has been provided regarding why they are using this design for investigation and why they decided to select particularly grounded theory approach of qualitative research. The clear statement regarding the rationale for selecting this study design would have enhanced the quality of the research article. Whenever any research study is planned, proper justification regarding the reasons for selecting particular design eliminate vagueness in approach and strengthens the purpose of research (Birks and Mills, 2015). Recruitment strategy related to the aim of the research- The researcher has maintained the validity of the research in sample recruitment stage by means of eliminating all source of biasness. The recruitment strategy of selecting only experienced staffs in providing continence care in RACF is commendable as this help to identify real barrier or facilitators despite the required competence in care. In the research article by Jonasson et al. (2011), sample was selected without considering the experience of participants which lead to biasness and inaccuracy in study results and theory development. Ostaszkiewicz et al. (2014) did not provide any explanation regarding why selection on particular sample group was necessary for the study. However, the detail regarding the method of sample recruitment was provided. Nurse and PCAs took part in the interview only after they were given information about the purpose and design of research at a professional network forum. They volunteered to take part in the interview after consulting other colleague who took part in the study. Data collection method- Ostaszkiewicz et al. (2014) purposively selected two RACFs site in Australia for interview and field observation, one was 75 bed not-for-profit RACF in Melbourne and other was 50 bed private RACF in Adelaide. The researcher clearly justified the rationale for selecting two sites as it would help to get a mixture of sample group consisting of registered nurse, enrolled nurse and PCA staff who provide care not just to people with dementia but also with other disorders. Certain limitation in reporting of data collection method is also seen as the researcher has mentioned the use of semi-structure open-ended interview with staff, however no detail is given regarding the explicit method of interview. The detail is given regarding the procedure followed for field observation to collect data. However, the absence of the same detail on interview method significantly reduces the quality and efficacy of reporting research study. This form of error in reporting hampers t he reliability of the research and leads to poor grasp of research approach (Noble and Smith, 2015). Relationship between researcher and participants- While reviewing the article by Ostaszkiewicz et al. (2014), it has been found that nothing has been mentioned regarding factors that may lead to biasness in the study. No confounding variable was identified and no consideration was done regarding how to eliminate confounding elements in the study. The research question was formulated after reviewing the quality of RACF facilities in Australia. The researcher emphasized that care staff need to follow the Code of Ethics For Nurse and Aged Care Act while delivery care, however there is very few published article on how nurses and PCAs enact the rights of patients in care. Hence, the research question was set based on the analysis that there is little research on ethical challenges faced in during caring for aged residents in RACFs. The clarity regarding choice of location is given however sample recruitment stage is not adequately covered. While conducting an investigation, certain unexp ected event changes the course of investigation. In such situations, researcher needs to implication of this change and make some changes in plan in between research (Bowling, A., 2014). However, in this research nothing has been mentioned about the unexpected events which mean no such situation arose during the research to modify the research plan. Consideration of ethical issues in research- The ethical responsibility for good research practices includes seeking approval for conducting research from relevant Research Ethics Committee and following informed consent rules to inform participants about purpose of research, participants rights, potential risk in participation, prospective research benefits and limits of confidentiality (Marshall and Rossman 2014). Ostaszkiewicz et al. (2014) does not mentions the process followed regarding taking approval for conducting research from Ethics Committee which reflects lack of accuracy in ethical responsibility for research. However, the procedure regarding informed consent rule is covered in some part where nurses agreed for interview after being informed about research detail at a professional network forum. Rigour of data analysis- Despite several limitations in the article, the data analysis part has been adequately described by the researcher. It was not purely based on thematic analysis, however certain coding techniques were used to identify different categories and present it in result section. Data analysis was done through open coding, theoretical coding and selective coding techniques to interpret data, construct memos and classify them into different category. The uniformity in data was maintained after higher order concept emerged and basic theme was found. These processes reflect data was effectively extracted to enhance the reliability and validity of the research finding. No consideration regarding potential biases and influences has been made at any stage of the research (Ostaszkiewicz et al. 2014). Statement of findings- The study finding was presented after repeating the purpose of the study. Based on interview and field observation of participants in RACFs, Ostaszkiewicz et al. (2014) gave the theory regarding main problem encountered by staff during work and their response to the problem. The findings are explicit with discussion on experience of work, ethically challenging situations, residents level of dependence and devalued role. Hence, multiple and conflicting information related to addressing continence was provided, but credibility of the finding is not properly covered. Contribution of the research- This finding of the research is important as it gives insight into the different structural factors that prevents cares from fully exercising ethical rights and conduct in care. The researcher suggest new areas where action is needed by government but not areas where the topic could be further explored The researcher provided direction to future course of action by stating that the role of Australian government on addressing structural challenges that significantly hinders staffs performance and affect the delivery of high quality continence care to residents. References Birks, M. and Mills, J., 2015.Grounded theory: A practical guide. Sage. Bowling, A., 2014.Research methods in health: investigating health and health services. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Jonasson, L.L., Liss, P.E., Westerlind, B. and Berter, C., 2011. Corroborating indicates nurses ethical values in a geriatric ward.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being,6(3). Marshall, C. and Rossman, G.B., 2014.Designing qualitative research. Sage publications. Noble, H. and Smith, J., 2015. Issues of validity and reliability in qualitative research.Evidence Based Nursing,18(2), pp.34-35. Ostaszkiewicz, J., O'Connell, B. and Dunning, T., 2014. Ethical challenges associated with providing continence care in residential aged care facilities: Findings from a grounded theory study.Australian and New Zealand continence journal,20(4), pp.179-186. Smith, J.A. ed., 2015.Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage.